Forerunners of the Hattusili-Ramesses treaty
The Hattusili-Ramesses treaty is known from two main sources. These are texts in Egyptian hieroglyphs preserved on the walls of the temple of Amun at Karnak and of the Ramesseum, and of some fragmentary cuneiform tablets in Akkadian, discovered at the Hittite capital of Hattusa, the modern site of Boghazk
Was the Peloponnesian War inevitable after 435 BC?
Based heavily on the account of the Greek historian Thucydides, the paper outlines the events leading up to the outbreak of the 2nd Peloponnesian War in 435, and analyzes whether the outbreak of the war was inevitable
Sexual Peculiarities of the Ancient Greeks and Romans
This study looks at ancient Greek and Roman sexual practices from the point of view of their (implied) differences from modern western practices. There are eight major themes: sex and status, the ubiquity of sex, the body, body modification, violence and pain, having sex, viewing sex, and transgressions.
On War and Games in the Ancient World
Not surprisingly, at the Olympic Games and other such festivals, boxing matches sometimes ended with the death of the defeated opponent. Other Olympic sports were almost as brutal; they included the pankration, a form of unarmed combat in which anything was allowed other than biting and gouging (a rule that was not always strictly observed).
The Ownership and Disposal of Military Equipment in the Late Roman Army
Unfortunately, relatively little evidence survives concerning the ownership and disposal of military equipment in the late Roman army. However, a particularly valuable document in this respect is a letter dated AD 401 which authorizes the discharge of eleven members from an ala stationed at Psofthis in Egypt.
The Greatest Generals of the Second Punic War
Hannibal Barcas and Scipio Africanus have been compared often by many authors, but only a few have studied both in depth and even fewer have actually compared them in a fair and equal manner.
Ammianus and some Tribuni Scholarum Palatinarum c. A.D. 353-364
It is my intention here to draw together such information as Ammianus provides about the scholae in order to demonstrate how, in a number of cases in particular, it is possible to reconstruct an almost complete list of their commanders for the period c. 353-364.
Roman Imperialism Checked at Teutoburger Wald in AD 9
Augustus
The Shield of Divine Protection
I argue that the antecedent of the relative clause here is the word ‘shield’, and that Butehamun referred to how soldiers, when they were engaged in an activity which demanded both hands, such as climbing a ladder, would sling their shield over their back, so that it would protect them automatically without their having to wield it. I suggest that Butehamun invokes this type of protection for his father.”
Constantius and the Visigothic Settlement in Gaul
More significant, perhaps, is the fact that he was elevated to the position of Augustus by Honorius after he had temporarily pacified the region of Gaul. A major part o f Constantius’s program ofpacificaiion had been moving the powerful Visigoths into the region.