Articles

The Influence of Context on the Leadership of Cleopatra

Frank Bernard Dicksee - Cleopatra (1876)
Frank Bernard Dicksee – Cleopatra (1876)

The Influence of Context on the Leadership of Cleopatra

Lindsay Harold, Kerri Anton, Kristen Duca, Cate Henefin

Undergraduate Leadership Review: Vol.2:1 (2010)

Abstract

Many have heard of the great Cleopatra. Some people only know her as a queen of Egypt while others remember her as being a temptress and adulteress with Julius Caesar and Marc Antony. Many scholarly students have read the Shakespearean plays of her multiple affairs and dramatic suicide, but few people know Cleopatra the leader. Her leadership skills are debated to be better than any man’s, yet most people have no idea of the actions she had to take or the power those actions required in her leadership position. Who was the real Cleopatra, and how did her leadership style and decisions affect her people and Egypt? She was born in 69 B.C.E. in Alexandria, Egypt as part of the Ptolemaic Dynasty (Foss, 1999). She grew up and led in very turbulent times. Events such as war, famine, and the expansion of the Roman Empire affected Cleopatra in many ways. Her personal history and the historical context, contemporary context, and immediate context of this turbulent time in Egypt explain why she made the decisions she did and what kind of power she utilized as a leader. Her ideas, guiding principles, and public values are also influenced by these variables



When the subject of Cleopatra is brought up in conversation, most automatically know which Cleopatra is being referenced. However, almost every pharaoh-queen was named Cleopatra, the most famous of which was Cleopatra VII. What makes this Cleopatra stand out in the minds of most people? Contrary to how current standards, such as Hollywood, have portrayed her, she was not infamously beautiful. She was a strong female leader living in an ancient, male-dominated world, and yet she made her impact on history. Cleopatra’s leadership distinguished her from the other Cleopatras of her day. The leadership theories and approaches that can best apply to Cleopatra and her use of power are Appendage Theory, Better Man Theory, Needs Theory, and Influence Tactics. She is an important leader in that she was one of the first influential female leaders in her time with more power than most female leaders could not acquire. She is important figure in history because her life in leadership influenced her people, Egypt, and the world.

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